HIGH-VOLTAGE ACCELERATORS FOR NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Accelerators based on the high-voltage generators are one of the main tools of experimental nuclear physics. Efremov Institute develops and manufactures such equipment since 1953. Developing of high-voltage accelerators was initiated by the leading Institutes of Physics in the country, which became their first customers.

The major advantages of this class of accelerators:

• relatively low cost,
• a short period of manufacture,
• suitability for precision in the physical experiments,
• the possibility of obtaining the accelerated ions of almost any element.

Using a wide range of parameters of accelerators in the FEI, IFE, JINR, VNIIEF studies were performed that allowed to solve a number of key national economic goals, including:

• physical substantiation of the fast neutron reactors concept and the provision of the nuclear data for a project work;
• Research Complex of the neutrons interactions with the nuclei for the engineering development of nuclear technology;
• Experimental study and development of ideas about the fundamental laws of nuclear interactions at low and medium energy;
• creating models of the mechanisms of equilibrium and nonequilibrium nuclear reactions, the study of the structure of the barrier, static and dynamic aspects of nuclear fission;
• The development and application of precision methods of surface nuclear microanalysis of nuclear power plants’ parts; and creation of the Russian Bank & Center for Nuclear Data.

Accelerator EG-2, 5 of the protons energy of 2.5 MeV was delivered in 1957 in Egypt, and charge-exchange accelerator EGP-10 of the energy of 10 MeV protons in the GDR and Finland. UKP-2-1 accelerator, which allows accelerating heavy ions up to energy level of 4-5 MeV was delivered in the USSR Academy of Kazakhstan in 1986.